Californias Late Budget Blame it on the Legislature essays

California's Late Budget Blame it on the Legislature essays Given the fury with which many oppose the existence of a state governor who was once (perhaps still, depending on whom one talks to), more muscle than brains, one might imagine that it would be easy to blame the dreadful tardiness of California's budget on the buffoonery of the man at the top. Be that as it may, the record of the Legislature makes such a Yes, Governor Schwarzenegger does present a promising target for pundits and regular folks alikeperhaps in some ways justifiedhowever as a fall guy for the state's budget problems, the terminator simply does not fit the perp-profile. Instead, one has but to shift one's focus toward one of the only state legislatures in this great union that takes a nearly impossible bipartisan cooperation to approve a state budget. You see, whereas a full forty seven other states pass budgets with a majority vote of the Legislature, California is one of just three hopelessly misguided states to require its legislature to approve the budget by a two-thirds vote of both houses. The problem with this is a simple matter of minority rulethat is in the California Legislature, it takes only one-third of its legislators to dig in their special-interest- heavy heels to hold up the entire process. All one has to do to appreciate the magnitude of the Legislature's role in the current budget crisis is to note its history of performance during the last twenty-eight years. During that time, the Legislature missed its budget deadline a full twenty-two times. The simple truth is that the current state of the Legislature is not only responsible for the current budget catastrophe, but it is only too likely to be the cause of the next one. If the Governor is to blame in the minds of those who have yet to separate him from his movie roles, it is only in his inability to terminate t ...

New York City Subway System as a Potential Target for the Terrorists Assignment - 1

New York City Subway System as a Potential Target for the Terrorists - Assignment Example The city cannot operate without the rapid transport system. This makes the subway an integral part of everyday life in New York. The importance of the New York City subway system makes it a potential target by the terrorists. The objective of terrorists is to instill fear in the minds of dwellers of a particular region by disrupting their activities and economy. The terrorists target the infrastructure that a city or state cannot do without. They disrupt operations and crumble economies. This makes the subway a preferred target. The attack involves a gas that will be spread across the subway to render the commuters there inactive. Since the terrorist expects maximum casualty, this will be their best approach. Thereafter, a bomb will be detonated to destroy the underground transit system. Such an act will affect a number of systems. The first will be the electricity transmission lines. The system of the underground transport system depends entirely on electricity for lighting and controlling the temperatures, the bomb is expected to destroy the wire lines that will have an impact on the city-wide transmission lines. A number of blocks adjacent to the building will go without electricity after the attack. The gas will pollute the air around New York City and might affect the Hudson River water. When such an attack is launched in a system as expansive as the New York City subway system, a number of activities need to be realized to assist in containing the situation. A first, every station will need to have their own communication base where all communication to the commuters and workers will be initiated. The security heads at every base will need radios and protective gear. Two at each station will be enough to ensure seamless communication. This will require 936 radios. The personnel will also need protective gear to protect them from the dangerous gases.

College Application Essay - How to Use the MLA Format

College Application Essay - How to Use the MLA FormatWriting an application essay can be a fun experience. You have the ability to write about anything, and you have the chance to use your own personality and abilities to create the right answer for every essay question you may be faced with. The most important aspect of this process is that you understand how to create an outline of your own and to begin writing it. This article will look at an example college application essay format.As with any college essay, a question in an MLA format is easy to write. But a question that asks for an essay in MLA format is a challenge. First of all, it's difficult to write a simple sentence that leads into a question. So before you start to write the MLA format question, you must first make sure that you know how to use the form.One way to use the MLA format is to simply ask for a recommendation from someone who has already experienced the same thing you are going through right now. For example, you might write a letter from someone who has gone to school with you in college, or who has worked with you, or who has been a classmate of someone else in your grade school, or who has worked with you in some other profession. This is a very good question, because you'll be able to show that you've gone to college, and that you've put a lot of effort into the education and career you're currently in. It's a very valuable piece of information to have to work with in a college application essay.Another excellent question that you can use in the MLA format is a question that asks for the reader to provide information on some of your experiences. For example, if you're a writer, this question would be 'Tell me what brought you to this point?' This type of question can lead to a bit of background information, and you can use it to get an idea of how you've dealt with failure. If you were in a certain area of science, for example, you can also ask the reader to tell you the worst thing that happened to them while they were in that particular field.Now, as long as you don't try to go overboard, you can begin the MLA format by looking at the job that you have to offer. Write something like, 'As a writer, I have a passion for writing.' This question can also have a second purpose, because you can put yourself in a position where you're showing how you have a passion for something. So, if you're a good cook, for example, this can serve as a positive statement, but it can also make you realize that you are passionate about cooking, as well.You can always end a question with the MLA format, either by adding a question or by putting a closing statement. For example, if you're a teacher, you can say, 'As a teacher, I am excited about sharing new ideas with my students. This question, 'In your opinion, is this a good student for this course?' can help create a better environment for you as a teacher.Overall, you can use the MLA format to write a more interesting college a pplication essay. It can provide an interesting question, but it can also open up another opportunity for you to make yourself stand out from the rest of the crowd, making a successful college application essay even more important.

Getting Started Writing an Essay Explained

Getting Started Writing an Essay Explained Most Noticeable Getting Started Writing an Essay Remember that the primary body of your essay should contain a couple of paragraphs where you should develop all the points regarding the topic of your essay. If you start out with a good thesis statement, you're well on the way to getting a strong paper. The last section is the thesis, where you write what you are going to be proving in the remainder of the essay. If you want to turn into an excellent essay writer, you must practice writing thesis statements because after writing an ideal thesis statement, you are able to comfortably write a fantastic essay. A thesis statement belongs at the conclusion of the very first paragraph. The thesis ought to be the previous sentence. No matter the mission of the essay, make certain you're interested in your topic. Try to remember that the introduction denotes the very first paragraph of your essay which should be a quick paragraph in which you ought to develop the points linked to the topic of your essay. Bearing that in mind, here are a couple of helpful suggestions to help you write your essay more effectively. Even in the event that you erase clips from your Essay, they will remain in My Clips in order that they can be used another moment. Academic Essay Editing will be useful to proofread an essay after it's written. It's simple to discover the proper fit with Brave Writer. Writing essay is a skill that may be used repetitively in your entire life. Why you're writing is even more important than what you're likely to be writing. Getting Started Writing an Essay Nevertheless, there are many other procedures that may help you creating a high excellent essay. You may come across online writing workshops that cover every facet of writing, for every single skill level. Though the writing procedure can be comparatively similar, academic papers have many strict requirements that will need to get met. To receive any copywriting work you will require a portfolio of your very best writing. Getting Started Writing an Essay Ideas It's better in case you scan your ready-made essay a few times before having a last go. Thinking up a suitable question is all about 25% of the entire battle. When you own a draft, don't be reluctant to change things around. How to Find Getting Started Writing an Essay on the Web Beginning with interesting truth about your subject will certainly grab the eye it needs. After you own a topic and a few supporting details, attempt to come up with a couple of sentences that capture precisely what your paper is all about and indicate what angle'' you will be taking on this issue. When you have determined the purpose, you'll need to do a little research on topics which you find intriguing. Consequently, students are currently being asked to be more creative in their work also. If your aim is to educate, pick a subject which you've already studied. Thankfully, if you're a student who always wishes to enhance your writing skills, then there are lots of things you may do in order to attain your aims. Frequently, after you accomplish that, the ideas start to form and the words start to flow. Just enable the ideas come out. You might be a talented writer, but it makes sense your customer isn't. You may even check out several reviews and after that p ick the business that most suits your requirements and reasonably priced budget. If you're a worldwide student worrying about your writing skills, there are a number of helpful resources which are available to you. If you go to a couple, look through the websites, have a look at the feedback from their clients, you are certainly going to locate the one which suits you. Details of Getting Started Writing an Essay So far as paragraphs are involved, attempt to adjust them based on the word count. The very first sentences of an introduction are frequently the trickiest. The essays ought to be in compliance with the rules and regulations. If your essay is describing a process, like how to make a huge chocolate cake, make sure your paragraphs fall in the proper purchase.

The Secret Truth About Unsolved Mysteries Research Papers Revealed

The Secret Truth About Unsolved Mysteries Research Papers Revealed Unsolved Mysteries Research Papers Explained In the event you need assistance with research paper outline or some help with academic writing, don't hesitate to use our expert services. Next tips will reveal to you just how to fulfill the aim of research paper introduction and eliminate the creative mess. Don't ignore a valuable resource. Conducting research is just one of the important approaches in solving problems and issues that impact the society at large. You're able to simply purchase a research paper online and set an end to your struggles efficiently. It isn't always simple to be in a position to chance upon a research paper that will fulfill your requirements perfectly. In a way, a research paper can provide you insights concerning how some things are complete. If you're interested in your topic, learning about it's going to be more pleasurable and you'll write with increased passion, so select your topic thoughtfully. Students will acquire enough knowledge on the matter. The Number One Question You Must Ask for Unsolved Mysteries Research Papers For many students, the research paper outline is truly the toughest area of the writing. If you pick a topic that you personally would enjoy, then it's more probable you will expand on such a topic and make an effective research paper. For references you s hould make an effort to hunt for research paper sampleon our site for more info. Our research paper outline templates will allow you to save plenty of time and money. It's possible to include as many details as you desire. Analyze the information that you've gathered and determine the way that it's related to your research. Usually you simply pay the price of the paper copy. It's OK to copy such information so long as you reference it using a citation. Understanding how to compose a research paper thesis is the main step. Occasionally it can help determine the manner in which you structure your papers. A thesis statement is a point that you'll need to defend. To check when you have created a debatable thesis statement for the research paper, you must find out whether it's debatable. The New Fuss About Unsolved Mysteries Research Papers The statement comprises 1-2 sentences there isn't any need to developer an individual thesis statement outline. It's also logical to compose a more comprehensive outline for yourself even in case the requirements are different. Researching any issue about government or laws can get overwhelming because of the intricacy of the issues and even on account of the wording of some laws. Include all subtopics you're going to discuss, and ensure each has arguments and counterarguments to reflect your principal idea. As a variant, you can make a list of potential outline headings, and then, in the procedure for writing or even at the very last stages, you could select the most suitable alternatives. If making outline is part of your assignment, follow the directions you were given. The more points you would like to include, the more intricate outline you'll ever have. When you buy a pre-written paper, you aren't likely to find the opportunity to revise your paper. The experiment will test whether or not a person could keep giving electric shocks to a different person simply because they are told to achieve that. Also, you will discover an explanation of each component in the square box. Because someone is molded from birth. The vital goal of introduction is to introduce to the reader the point of your research. Brainstorming is among the best things a studen t can do in order to choose the terrific idea and develop a corresponding statement. On the flip side, students discover that it's simpler to stay informed about school with several tools they can utilize to research, learn, and organize. While forming a thesis statement for research paper, a student needs to have the whole work on hands to supply a review of the principal ideas in the significant statement. People with type two diabetes may have to take diabetes pills or insulin. The research describes potential things that may add to the demand for more medical and health research into the issue. A research paper is a lengthy kind of written document related to the definition of results from a person's extensive research about a specific topic. Your research paper may want to include the next information to totally cover the disease of diabetes.

Horse Industry and Equine Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Horse Industry and Equine Law - Essay Example The animal rights advocates and educators will benefit from this paper because they will be given ample information about equine industry. This paper will highlight the proper training and management of horses - may it be for farming or for racing use. This will also include laws and regulations pertaining to accidents and injuries of and by the horses plus the specific laws of betting in race horses. With such information, they will be armed with enough knowledge on what to promote for or against the common practices of equine management. Managers and owners of equine farms will also greatly benefit from this study as they, too, will know if their management practices and/or approaches are appropriate and legal or not. They will be able to assess if they need to modify their strategies or of they need to seek some consultants and experts regarding in the equine industry. Lastly, this paper will be of great help to other and future researchers who would be interested in tackling equine related concepts. The results of this study will serve as their basis for further research or can be used as references to prove their own hypothesis. Keeping the horses physically fit is the most important thing... Lastly, this paper will be of great help to other and future researchers who would be interested in tackling equine related concepts. The results of this study will serve as their basis for further research or can be used as references to prove their own hypothesis. Review of Related Literature Management and Training of Horses For the Horse Keeping the horses physically fit is the most important thing that the equine farm manager must do. This is because horses that become lame cannot be productive nor useful for the farm anymore, hence most often than not, lame horses are already considered dead. To keep the horses healthy and on top of its shape, the farm caretaker must ensure that it has a well balanced rest and 'work' time. Hoses are like humans, they need to rest and to work at the same time. However, unlike humans, horses will need t have longer hours of working than resting. This is because horses that get longer resting periods become more prone to diseases and thy will eventually "loose conditioning" or "get out of shape" when it is having long periods of rest. Hence to ensure that horses will perform very well, a series of trainings and activities should be that which will involve "cardiovascular fitness, respiratory fitness, thermoregulation, muscle fatigue and skeletal fatigue" (Day, 2002). Ensuring that the cardiovascular organs or body parts of the horses are in good condition will help in instigating a fast and sturdy horse. It should be noted that the normal heart rate horses when resting is 35 beats per minute (bpm) on the average. Meanwhile the normal heart rate of horses during "extremely high intensity"

Heart, Cardiac Cycle and the Circulatory System

Heart, Cardiac Cycle and the Circulatory System (i)  Explain the function of heart, and the structure of arteries, veins and capillaries. The heart (left side) receives blood filled with oxygen (O2) which comes from the lungs. From there the blood is pumped throughout the body via the aorta and into blood vessels. On the right side is where the heart gets its deoxygenated blood (CO2) which in turn is then sent to the lungs for cleansing. (ivyroses.com 2016) Arteries are made up of 3 layers. The tunica interna is the inner layer. This layer is encased in connective tissue and elastic fibers. After that the next layer up is the tunica media. This thick layer consists mainly of smooth muscle. This layer supports the vessel itself and aids blood flow regulation. The outside layer is called the tunica externa. This layer is made up of connective tissue and elastic fibers. It has the ability to change and become looser connective tissue around the outside of the vessel. (training.seer.cancer.gov ND) Veins carry blood back to the heart. This blood is filled with CO2. The blood is then sent to the lungs for purification and then back to the heart to be sent around the body. The only veins which carry oxygen are the umbilical and pulmonary veins. Veins are like straws, they are small in structure. They have a dense outer layer which consists of connective tissue. Underneath that is the middle layer which is made up of smooth muscle and finally the middle layer which is made up of endothelial cells. (reference.com ND) Capillaries are tiny blood vessels inside the bodily tissues that carry blood from the arteries to the veins. They are more common in tissues like muscle tissues than in connective tissues. (biology.about.com ND) Arteries divide into arterioles. These arterioles branch off into the muscle where they reach the capillaries. A capillary bed is then formed. This is a network of capillaries which then carry blood to the veins. Capillaries also move gases in and out of themselves. These gases include oxygen and carbon dioxide. (teachpe.com ND) Like the lungs, capillaries are responsible for the process of diffusion. Oxygen separates from haemoglobin (found in red blood cells) and passes through the walls of the capillaries into muscle cells where it associates itself with the Myoglobin. This is the muscle cells version of haemogloblin. The oxygen is then used in aerobic metabolism to supply the muscle with energy. (teachpe.com ND) Cross section of an artery.   Ã‚    ©Google Images Cross section of a vein.  ©Google Images Cross section of a capillary.  ©Google Images (ii)  Explain the cardiac cycle and the flow of the blood through the main blood vessels by using the diagram. Blood is pumped around the body in stages, namely the diastole stage and the systole stage. In the diastole stage the atria and ventricles are relaxed and allow blood to enter via the vena cava in to the upper right chamber (right atrium). The deoxygenated blood is passed through a valve which prevents the blood from running backwards, into the lower chamber (right ventricle). After this, the blood is then pumped under extreme pressure from the right ventricle into the lungs by the pulmonary artery. (quora.com 2017) In the second stage oxygenated blood enters the left atrium. It then passes through a valve which closes over after the blood has passed through, preventing the said blood from running back into the atrium. Blood flows down into the left ventricle. It then goes to the aorta (main artery in the body) where it is pumped under immense pressure. Blood is pumped under high pressure to ensure it is sent to the rest of the body as it should do. (biology.about.com 2017) (livescience.com 2017)  ©Google Images Arteries Veins Capillaries Contain narrow lumens Contain wider lumens Have one layer of cells. Here diffusion takes place. They are the smallest of all the blood vessels. Blood is under high pressure Blood is under low pressure Takes blood from the heart Takes blood to the heart Take blood form the body and exchange nutrients, O2 and waste with tissues. Have more muscle/elastic tissue Have less elastic tissue They are oozy vessels that serve as links between arterial and venous systems Carries O2 rich blood (except for the pulmonary artery) Carries CO2 rich blood (except for the pulmonary vein) Has no valves (except for the semi-lunar valves in the aorta and pulmonary artery Has valves in main veins to stop waste materials returning to the tissues (iii)  Explain the term blood pressure and describe the role it plays in circulatory system. Describe the condition high and low pressure. When the heart pumps blood around the body the blood pushes against the wall of the blood vessels. The rate at which it pushes against the walls is called blood pressure. If blood pressure is high your arteries are put under immense pressure to deliver blood around the body. This may result in the person suffering a heart attack or a stroke. Symptoms of high blood pressure include tiredness, irregular heartbeat and difficulty breathing. Low blood pressure if left untreated can be life threatening. A reading which is less than 90/60 is deemed to be low blood pressure. Although the causes are unclear, it is thought that dehydration and serious medical disorders are among the causes of low blood pressure. (mayoclinic.org ND) What the numbers mean: A blood pressure reading is made up of two numbers, written as one over the other e.g. 80/120. The number at the top is known as the systolic blood pressure. This is the highest level that a persons blood pressure will reach when the heart beats. The bottom number is called the diastolic blood pressure. This is the lowest level that a persons blood pressure will reach when the heart relaxes between every single beat. (bloodpressureuk.org 2008)  ©Google Images Section B Identify the main muscles groups within the body and interconnections between the muscular and skeletal system. (ii) Differentiate between the three types of muscles, Smooth, Skeletal, and Cardiac. Smooth Skeletal Cardiac Maintains flow of fluid in hollow structures Attached to the bone Only found in the heart Found in structures such as veins and arteries Relaxes and contracts Involuntary contraction Contract slowly Striated Features are endurance and consistency Arranged in bundles of muscle fibres. Contracts voluntarily Striated Have only one nucleus Soft and fragile Makes up the atria and ventricles Not banded Every fibre has lots of nuclei and is surrounded by a cover. Relaxes to fill the heart with blood Muscles work automatically Made up of cylindrical cells that made up fibres Never tires (Healdove.com 2016) (Class notes 2016 S. Curran) (training.seer.cancer.gov 2016)  ©Google Images (iii) Describe how the Skeletal and the Muscular System connect together to create the body movement. Movement in the body happens when the skeletal and muscular systems work simultaneously. The skeleton gives us shape and without it we would just be one big blob of skin. The main function of these two systems is bodily movement. (Class Notes.S Curran.2016) As well as joints, bones and muscles work hand in hand to form levers e.g. in the arm and the knee. (livestrong.com 2015) Tendons attach muscles to bones. This is allows bones and muscles to form such levers. (prezi.com 2010) Bones have the ability to hoard fat in their cavities which in turn can help store minerals such as calcium and phosphorus. Calcium is a vital mineral because without it blood would be unable to clot and a lack of calcium would hinder bodily movement. (prezi.com 2010) Phosphorus enables the body to make protein which is necessary for growth and repairing damaged cells. (medlineplus.gov 2015) Section C Outline the composition of bone the structure of the long bone and explain the function of the skeleton Identify and describe the composition of the bone, joint types and the function of the skeleton. Outline the composition of bone the structure of the long bone and explain the function of the skeleton. The bone is made up of 3 layers periosteum, compact bone and spongey bone. Periosteum is a double layered tissue that covers the compact bone. It cannot be seen by unaided vision. Its an important layer because it holds cells called osteoblasts. These osteoblasts form new bones. The double layer also means that ligaments and tendons can anchor the bone. (healthbase.wordpress.com 2016) Compact bone accounts for 80% of the human skeleton. It forms around the spongey (cancellous) bone. The long bones of the body e.g. arm, leg etc. are primarily made up of compact bone. (britannica.com 2016) Cancellous bone is the spongey bone which is located at the end of each of the long bones and in the vertebrae of the spine. The cancellous bone contains pores as well as red bone marrow which is used to make red blood cells and stem cells which are then used to repair the bone if it gets damaged or broken. The spongey bone is much easier to fracture than the long bone because of its soft composition.  ©Google Images Functions of the skeleton: Protection the skeleton acts as a protector for major organs such as the heart and lungs which are protected by the rib cage and the breast bone. Storage bones store minerals such as calcium. If you consume too much of a particular mineral e.g. calcium, it can build up on the bone. Whenever the supply is low then the body makes up for it by drawing the excess minerals from the bone to build up the supply in the blood system. Movement bones along with muscles work together to make the body move. Form blood cells bone marrow makes red blood cells. On average 2.6 million cells are created per second. (Class notes unit 3 2016) Different types of joints and their functions. There are 3 types of joints: Synovial, fibrous and cartilaginous. Synovial joints are divided up in to 6 categories: Gliding joints, condyloid joints, saddle joints, hinge joints, ball and socket joints and pivot joints. Gliding joints allow for smooth rotation in different directions along a smooth surface. An example of this type of joint is the carpal joint which is located in the wrist. (livestrong.com 2012)  ©Google Images Saddle joints are so called because they fit like a rider on a saddle. They are able to bend in several different directions without ever actually sliding. A prime example of a saddle joint is the joint at the base of the thumb. (livestrong.com 2012)  ©Google Images Ball and socket joint This type of joint is usually found for example in the shoulder. As the name states a ball and socket joint is given that name because it is where one end of a long bone (ball) meets a socket. Ball and socket joints facilitate movement in several directions. (livestrong.com 2012)  ©Google Images Condyloid Joints Unlike gliding joints condyloid joints have not got a smooth surface. Bones rotate past each other. Condyloid joints can be found in the wrist. (livestrong.com 2012)  ©Google Images Pivot Joint This type of joint moves but there is no gliding movement. It facilitates turning moves without any bending sideways as such. An example of a synovial joint is between the first and second vertebrae of the spine. It allows limited movement while keeping the head in place. (livestrong.com 2012)  ©Google Images Hinge Joints These are formed between 2 bones. A hinge joint allows us to extend (elbow, knee etc.) freely, bones do not slide past each other. (livestrong.com 2012)  ©Google Images Fibrous Joints: These are generally immovable joints. There are 3 types of fibrous joints sutures, gomphoses and a syndesmosis. Sutures are the joints which connect bones in the skull Gomphoses are located between the jaw bone and the teeth. A syndesmosis joint is where a ligament connects two bones for example in the leg the tibia and the fibula. It allows for a very slight movement.  ©Google Images Label the main bone of appendicular axial skeletal. (see attached diagram) The main function of the skin, its structure and relationship between the skin, and circulatory and nervous system The Skin is one of the largest organs of the body. It is made up of three layers: The Epidermis, Dermis and the subcutaneous fatty tissue. As it has no blood vessels, the epidermis is dependent on the dermis to feed it nutrients and for disposing of excess waste. Epidermis  ©Google Images Keratinocytes is the name given to the wall of the epidermis. It produces keratin, a protein that protects the epithelial cells. The epidermis regenerates in orderly fashion by cell division of keratinocytes in the basal layer, with maturing daughter cells becoming increasingly keratinised as they move to the skin surface. (Dermnetz.org 2016) Keratinocytes are regenerated monthly. There are a number of cells within the epidermis: Merkel cells Merkel cells are cells found in the basal layer of the epidermis. (Dermnetnz.org 2016) These cells allow us to feel sensations such as pain, coolness, heat, numbness and to feel objects. These tiny cells can only be identified by using electron microscopy. They are most commonly found in the soles of the feet and the palm of the hand. Dermis  ©Google Images This is the second layer of the skin and is the biggest part of the cross-section of the skin. In the dermis there are many things such as nerve endings, sweat glands and blood capillaries. The Dermis is sub-divided into 2 sections namely: Papillary Dermis and the Reticular Dermis. Collagen, Elastic Tissue and Reticular fibres are present throughout the Dermis. Subcutaneous layer (c)Google Images The subcutaneous layer is an important line of defence, protecting the fragile organs and bones from outside forces, such as pathogens.(reference.com 2016) The Hypodermis or subcutaneous layer acts as a protector for organs and the skeleton against the elements. Like the other two layers, its thickness depends on where it is in the body. For example the subcutaneous layer on the eyelids would be thinner than on the skin around the soles of the feet. Its main function is to act as a temperature regulator. Functions of the skin: Protection: Melanin in the skin protects the body from harmful UV rays produced by the sun. Skin has the ability to protect organs and bones from exposure to the environment. It also can protect the body from bacterial infections. Temperature Regulation: When environmental temperatures are high, the skin releases sweat as a means of cooling the body down. If youre cold, blood vessels in your skin fill up with blood to generate heat. Immunity Some skin cells work with the immune system to fight against bacteria and viruses. Some bacteria live on the skin, this is normal as it is good bacteria. However if it gets in under the skin, it can cause infection such as cellulitis. Growth and Movement The skins elasticity allows the body to grow as we get older. Without it we would not be able to move freely, if at all. Excretion Skin helps to get rid of waste such as urea, sweat and carbon dioxide. Endocrine: when exposed to a small amount of UV rays, the skin produces Vitamin D. a chemical in the skin called 7-dehydrocholesterol reacts with the UV rays. Over exposure to UV can have dire consequences such as skin cancer, so exposure to the sun must be kept in moderation. Absorption: Skin absorbs oxygen and nitrogen. Some animals have no need for lungs because they can actually breathe through their skin. Water Resistance: Skin is covered by oils and nutrients which form a protective layer against water. (newhealthguide.org ND) The relationship between the skin, circulatory system and the nervous system.   Ã‚   All bodily functions are regulated by the brain via the nervous system. The brain sends messages to the rest of the body through nerves. Without it the circulatory system could not function. Cardiac functioning and transportation of fluid in the body is started by messages coming from the brain. The circulatory system is made up of arteries, veins, capillaries and other passages which are central to its functioning. The nervous system is made up of the spinal cord, brain and nerves. It controls what the body does. Signals are sent to and from the brain via the nerves to create proper functioning. A prime example of how these systems work together is in blood pressure and regulation of the heart rate. The vagus nerve regulates the pumping of the heart. Blood is pumped through the passages around the body and into the organs. Baroreceptors give the brain information about blood pressure. The brain can then make adjustments to how the heart pumps. It is because of this process that bloo d pressure is kept at a normal level. The nervous system has the power of bodily functions but it needs the circulatory system to relay the messages so that such adjustments can be made accordingly. (wisegeekhealth.com ND) The integumentary system (skin) works with the circulatory system. The skin contains networks of capillaries. This means that substances can enter the bloodstream though the skin and this is the reason why some medicines such as female contraception can be delivered in patch format. Neurons are contained within the skin to sense the environment. These neurons send signals to the nervous system such as touch and it begins action based on these signs. For example if you burn your finger, nerve cells send signals up your arm to the spinal cord and brain. Nerve cells in the brain interpret these messages as pain. Skin aids temperature regulation by way of changing blood supply patterns and by sweating which helps to cool the body down. (sciencenetlinks.com ND)  ©Google Images (iii) Using the table format give six examples of viral, bacterial, fungal skin diseases.. Viral Bacterial Fungal Flu Tuberculosis Nail Fungus Shingles Cellulitis Oral Thrush Viral Pneumonia Salmonella Athletes Foot HIV/AIDS Helicobacter Pylori Impetigo Chicken Pox Staph Infection Jock Itch Herpes Scarlet Fever Vaginal Yeast Infection (Healthgrades.com 2016) (Rightdiagnosis.com 2016) (Healthonline.com 2016) (Dermnetz.org 2016) Example of a Viral Infection:  ©Google Images Example of a bacterial infection:  ©Google Images Example of a fungal infection:  ©Google Images References: (Class notes unit 3 S. Curran 2016) Biology.about.com (2016) Phases of the Cardiac Cycle [online], available: http://biology.about.com/od/anatomy/ss/cardiac_cycle.htm[Accessed 1st March 2017] Biology.about.com (2017) What Is a Capillary? [online], available: Bloodpressureuk (2008) What is blood pressure? [online], available:http://www.bloodpressureuk.org/BloodPressureandyou/Thebasics/Bloodpressure [Accessed 15th March 2017] Bloodpressureuk (ND) What is blood pressure? 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