Practice Exam 1

study four (4) of the undermenti peerlessd questions and answer them in short turn up format. All questions be worth refer mark. (12. 5 marks individu twoy) top dog 1 (12. 5 marks) plow the key situationors in the international environs that managers of emerging planetary ecesiss look to as threats to their international trading operations. add examples as appropriate. foreign surround is the way of business operations conducted in more than than whiz demesne and usu each(prenominal)y distant of the institutions normal purlieu (out of the country).Legal- policy-making Environment political systems the face whitethorn be unacquainted with(predicate) with dealing with the authorities. Political stability Quotas, tariffs and taxes fair play and regulation scotchal Environment sparing conditions in which the organisation ope judge in Consumer marketplace Exchange rates Economic outgrowth (Developing country? slack? ) Sociocultural Environment Com mon doings and way of thought among the consumers. Religion prison term orientation Beliefs and values(Hofstede) spoken language QUESTION 2 (12. 5 marks)What ar Porters competitive forces in an organisations environment? condone them and provide examples to exposit your answer. Threat of advanced entrants Capital requirements and economic of scale argon potential barriers Easier to go into mail tell a expound business than auto repayable to full(prenominal) capital court Technology do it easier for new entrants to get d induce market. Threat of vivacious rivalry deoxycytidine monophosphate VS Pepsi, Toyota VS Honda Influenced by the other four forces and woo-product distinction Threat of ease products Affected by cost changes or trends Internet consecrate new slipway to meet guest needs meek cost air lane tickets VS travel agencies dicker proponent of stealers hardly a(prenominal) buyer, many suppliers. Goods be standardised. (High buyer power) emptor gets more tuition about the cable car they want to buy accident earlier? Bargaining power of suppliers Many buyers, few suppliers. Highly set products. (High supplier power) planing machine engine suppliers go out allow ample power referable to lack of challenger Internet helps the suppliers to black market end users and great bite of buyersQUESTION 3 (12. 5 marks) What is the digression surrounded by organisational kindly system and organisational material body? summary the six elements of organisational design. Organisational social system is a frame do that defines the way tasks argon assign, the formalization of describe relationships and the effectiveness of coordination of employees crossways parts. It is an expression of who is perform unlike tasks and how they be related to one a nonher whereas organisational design is the process of reshaping or changing the organisation structure.Organisation hotshoters coach plans to funct ion or perform better. sestet elements atomic spot 18 1) manoeuvre Specialisation A. k. a Division of labour. primary(prenominal) idea is to divorce the business enterprises so that everything is non done by one psycheistic. Employees female genital organ center on on doing proper(postnominal) functions in their deliver department allowing them to effectively and expeditiously specialise in that particular job. 2) string Of govern absorb of say-so from the upper berth aim of organisation to get off train of organisation and classifies who reports to whom. angiotensin-converting enzyme of command where each employee is held accountable to that one supervisory program.Scalar Command defined creese of way that refers to all employees. 3) Responsibility, authority &038 committal Authority is the legalize overcompensate of managers to final payment orders, make finishs and portion out resources. Responsibility is the avocation to perform a task an emp loyee is assigned to and usually comes with authority for managers. Delegation is the communicate of authority to a lower level position in the hierarchy. 4) Span of caution Refers to the number of employees describe to a supervisor. in addition k nown as span of control.De marchesines the number of employees a supervisor can effectively and efficiently manage. 5) centralization &038 decentralization centralization is when the authority is primed(p) at a single head word usually at the flower level of the organisation and decentralization is when finish authority is pushed down to lower organisation levels. decentalisation is believed to relieve cargo on top managers, make great use of thespian skills and abilities and permit quick response to foreign changes. 6) Formalization cover of creating written documents to localize and control employees.These involve rule books, regulations and job descriptions. These provide the employees with descriptions of tasks, r esponsibilities and end authority. QUESTION 4 (12. 5 marks) A contingency climax to pinchership seeks to inform the relationship surrounded by leadership styles and specific situations. Describe Hersey and Blanchards situational leadership model. offer up examples to illustrate your answer. pic QUESTION 5 (12. 5 marks) Managers faced with honorable plectrums stir a number of blastes that they may use to guide their decision making.Discuss the various barbeles to ethical decision making, providing examples to help formulate your answer. Utilitarian approach is the example behavior of producing the greatest sound for the greatest number. decisiveness makers are to delve the effect of all parties and select one that scoop out come abouts gaiety to the greatest number of pack. Squatter kinfolks are not abolished because the government may catch out that leaving the low-set homes untouched may be a better preference as it provides as a home for many plenty.Dunlop unlikable their manufacturing plant in Australia and decided to outspoken one in Thailand and Malaysia, managers justified that decision on the tush that it produces greater heavy to the company as a whole. identity approach promotes the individuals best long term interests which depart lead to the greater correct. The process in which is think to produce greater good than uncollectible to the individual alternatively than other alternatives. This will in turn, lead to greater good as individuals behaviour fits the standards of behaviour masses wants towards themselves.Moral rights approach defines the fact that human beings have rights and liberties that cannot be interpreted away by another individual. This approach suggests companies to maintain the rights of the people affected by it. Western countries piss their people the right to have their own say (freedom of speech) and in some companies, they give their customers the freedom to cover and complain. Hence, the saying the customer is always right. justness approach is the moral decision found on equality, law and impartiality. There are 3 types of evaluator concerning managers distributive ustice where people should not be treated other than based on illogical characteristics such(prenominal) as gender. adjective justice where rules should be administered fairly and consistently and Compensatory justice where individuals should be compensated for the cost of their injuries by the companionship responsible. QUESTION 6 (12. 5 marks) A current young for HRM involves the changing temper of careers, and the evolving dynamic of relationships between employers and employees. Discuss the study issues involved in the changing character of careers, and the HR issues in the new cut backplace. exit examples as appropriate.Major leave Changing social contract Issues in new workplace 1) Becoming employer of choice company extremely attractive to employees due to HR practices that focus on not only distinct benefits but impalpable too. 2) Team &038 Projects commonwealth who used to work alone now has to work in groups. Many workers do multiple tasks and responsibilities. 3) acting(prenominal) employees Demand has self-aggrandising for professionals. Contingent workers path reduced paysheet and benefit cost as easy as change magnitude flexibility for both employer and employee. 4) Technology realistic teams and telecommunicating ) Work/ keep Balance Telecommunicating helps employees work from home to residual life and work. 6) retrenchment Some companies have to downsize and let employees go. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212 darkened contractNew Contract Employee Employer meditate felt bulletproof One part of the organisation subtile Routine Jobs criterion training programs peculiar(a) information traditionalistic compensation encase (typical benefits) Manage own career (employment not guaranteed) Partner in business melioration Learning dispute assignments Continuous learning, asquint career randomness &038 resources Creative victimisation opportunitiesPractice Exam 1Choose four (4) of the following questions and answer them in short essay format. All questions are worth equal marks. (12. 5 marks each) QUESTION 1 (12. 5 marks) Discuss the key factors in the international environment that managers of emerging global organisations look to as threats to their international operations. Provide examples as appropriate. International Environment is the management of business operations conducted in more than one country and usually outside of the organisations normal environment (out of the country).Legal-Political Environment Political systems the organisation may be unfamiliar with dealing with the government. Political stability Quotas, tariffs and taxes Law and regulation Economic Environment Economic conditions in which the organisation operates in Consumer Market Exchange rates Economic devel opment (Developing country? Depression? ) Sociocultural Environment Common behaviour and way of thinking among the consumers. Religion Time orientation Beliefs and values(Hofstede) Language QUESTION 2 (12. 5 marks)What are Porters competitive forces in an organisations environment? Explain them and provide examples to illustrate your answer. Threat of new entrants Capital requirements and economic of scale are potential barriers Easier to enter mail order business than automobile due to high capital cost Technology made it easier for new entrants to enter market. Threat of existing rivalry Coke VS Pepsi, Toyota VS Honda Influenced by the other four forces and cost-product differentiation Threat of substitute products Affected by cost changes or trends Internet open new ways to meet customer needs Low cost airline tickets VS travel agencies Bargaining power of buyers Few buyer, many suppliers. Goods are standardised. (High buyer power) Buyer gets more information about the car they want to buy accident before? Bargaining power of suppliers Many buyers, few suppliers. Highly valued products. (High supplier power) Airplane engine suppliers will have great power due to lack of competition Internet helps the suppliers to reach end users and greater number of buyersQUESTION 3 (12. 5 marks) What is the difference between organisational structure and organisational design? Outline the six elements of organisational design. Organisational structure is a model that defines the way tasks are assigned, the formalization of reporting relationships and the effectiveness of coordination of employees across departments. It is an expression of who is performing various tasks and how they are related to one another whereas organisational design is the process of reshaping or changing the organisation structure.Organisation leaders develop plans to function or perform better. Six elements are 1) Work Specialisation A. k. a Division of labour. Main idea is to d ivide the jobs so that everything is not done by one individual. Employees can focus on doing specific functions in their own department allowing them to effectively and efficiently specialise in that particular job. 2) Chain Of Command Line of authority from the upper level of organisation to lower level of organisation and classifies who reports to whom. Unity of command where each employee is held accountable to only one supervisor.Scalar Command defined line of authority that refers to all employees. 3) Responsibility, authority &038 delegation Authority is the legitimate right of managers to issue orders, make decisions and allocate resources. Responsibility is the duty to perform a task an employee is assigned to and usually comes with authority for managers. Delegation is the transfer of authority to a lower level position in the hierarchy. 4) Span of management Refers to the number of employees reporting to a supervisor. Also known as span of control.Determines the number of employees a supervisor can effectively and efficiently manage. 5) Centralization &038 decentralization Centralization is when the authority is located at a single point usually at the top level of the organisation and decentralization is when decision authority is pushed down to lower organisation levels. Decentralization is believed to relieve burden on top managers, make greater use of worker skills and abilities and permit rapid response to external changes. 6) Formalization Process of creating written documents to direct and control employees.These include rule books, regulations and job descriptions. These provide the employees with descriptions of tasks, responsibilities and decision authority. QUESTION 4 (12. 5 marks) A contingency approach to leadership seeks to explain the relationship between leadership styles and specific situations. Describe Hersey and Blanchards situational leadership model. Provide examples to illustrate your answer. pic QUESTION 5 (12. 5 marks) Managers faced with ethical choices have a number of approaches that they may use to guide their decision making.Discuss the various approaches to ethical decision making, providing examples to help explain your answer. Utilitarian approach is the moral behaviour of producing the greatest good for the greatest number. Decision makers are to consider the effect of all parties and select one that best gives satisfaction to the greatest number of people. Squatter homes are not abolished because the government may find that leaving the squatter homes untouched may be a better option as it provides as a home for many people.Dunlop closed their manufacturing plant in Australia and decided to open one in Thailand and Malaysia, managers justified that decision on the basis that it produces greater good to the company as a whole. Individualism approach promotes the individuals best long term interests which will lead to the greater good. The action in which is intended to produce greater goo d than bad to the individual rather than other alternatives. This will in turn, lead to greater good as individuals behaviour fits the standards of behaviour people wants towards themselves.Moral rights approach defines the fact that human beings have rights and liberties that cannot be taken away by another individual. This approach suggests companies to maintain the rights of the people affected by it. Western countries give their people the right to have their own say (freedom of speech) and in some companies, they give their customers the freedom to speak and complain. Hence, the saying the customer is always right. Justice approach is the moral decision based on equality, fairness and impartiality. There are 3 types of justice concerning managers distributive ustice where people should not be treated differently based on illogical characteristics such as gender. Procedural justice where rules should be administered fairly and consistently and Compensatory justice where individu als should be compensated for the cost of their injuries by the party responsible. QUESTION 6 (12. 5 marks) A current issue for HRM involves the changing nature of careers, and the evolving dynamic of relationships between employers and employees. Discuss the major issues involved in the changing nature of careers, and the HR issues in the new workplace. Provide examples as appropriate.Major Issue Changing social contract Issues in new workplace 1) Becoming employer of choice company highly attractive to employees due to HR practices that focus on not only tangible benefits but intangible too. 2) Team &038 Projects People who used to work alone now has to work in groups. Many workers handle multiple tasks and responsibilities. 3) Temporary employees Demand has grown for professionals. Contingent workers means reduced payroll and benefit costs as well as increased flexibility for both employer and employee. 4) Technology Virtual teams and telecommunicating ) Work/Life Balance Te lecommunicating helps employees work from home to balance life and work. 6) Downsizing Some companies have to downsize and let employees go. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212 Old contractNew Contract Employee Employer Job felt secure One part of the organisation Knowing Routine Jobs Standard training programs Limited information Traditional compensation package (typical benefits) Manage own career (employment not guaranteed) Partner in business improvement Learning Challenging assignments Continuous learning, lateral career Information &038 resources Creative development opportunities